C++ Basic Syntax Cheat Sheet

MUAZHAN

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Jul 01, 2024

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C++ Basic Syntax Cheat Sheet

This cheat sheet provides a quick overview of essential C++ syntax concepts.

Basic Syntax

• Comments:
  • Single-line: // This is a comment
  • Multi-line: /* This is a multi-line comment */
• Data Types:
  • Integer: int (e.g., int age = 25;)
  • Floating-point: float (e.g., float height = 1.75;)
  • Character: char (e.g., char grade = 'A';)
  • Boolean: bool (e.g., bool is_active = true;)
  • String: string (e.g., string name = "John Doe";)
• Variables:
  • Declare a variable: data_type variable_name;
  • Initialize a variable: data_type variable_name = value;
• Operators:
  • Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, % (modulo)
  • Comparison: == (equals), != (not equals), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equals), <= (less than or equals)
  • Logical: && (and), || (or), ! (not)
• Control Flow:
  • if statement:

    if (condition) {
        // Code to execute if condition is true
    }
    

  • else if statement:

    if (condition1) {
        // Code to execute if condition1 is true
    } else if (condition2) {
        // Code to execute if condition2 is true
    }
    

  • else statement:

    if (condition) {
        // Code to execute if condition is true
    } else {
        // Code to execute if condition is false
    }
    

  • switch statement:

    switch (expression) {
    case value1:
        // Code to execute if expression == value1
        break;
    case value2:
        // Code to execute if expression == value2
        break;
    default:
        // Code to execute if no case matches
        break;
    }
    

  • for loop:

    for (initialization; condition; increment) {
        // Code to execute repeatedly
    }
    

  • while loop:

    while (condition) {
        // Code to execute repeatedly
    }
    

  • do-while loop:

    do {
        // Code to execute at least once
    } while (condition);
    

Input/Output

• Input:
  • cin >> variable; (e.g., cin >> age;)
• Output:
  • cout << "text"; (e.g., cout << "Hello world!";)
  • cout << variable; (e.g., cout << age;)

Functions

• Function declaration:

  return_type function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...);
  

• Function definition:

  return_type function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...) {
      // Function code
      return value;
  }
  

• Function call:

  function_name(arguments);
  

Arrays

• Declare an array:

  data_type array_name[size];
  

• Initialize an array:

  int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  

• Access array elements:

  array_name[index];
  

Pointers

• Declare a pointer:

  data_type *pointer_name;
  

• Assign a pointer:

  pointer_name = &variable;
  

• Dereference a pointer:

  *pointer_name;
  

References

• Declare a reference:

  data_type &reference_name = variable;
  

Structures

• Define a structure:

  struct structure_name {
      data_type member1;
      data_type member2;
      // ...
  };
  

• Create a structure variable:

  structure_name variable_name;
  

• Access structure members:

  variable_name.member_name;
  

This cheat sheet provides a foundation for understanding C++ syntax. Remember to practice and explore further to deepen your knowledge.