Basic Concepts Of Oops In C++ Ppt

4 min read Jul 03, 2024

Basic Concepts of OOPs in C++

What is OOPs?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to structure and organize code. It emphasizes data hiding, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, making it ideal for building complex and maintainable software.

Key Concepts in OOPs

1. Class:

A blueprint or template for creating objects.
Defines data members (attributes) and member functions (methods) that represent the characteristics and behaviors of objects.

2. Object:

An instance of a class.
Holds specific data values for its attributes.
Can invoke methods defined in its class.

3. Encapsulation:

Bundling data and methods within a class, hiding implementation details from the outside world.
Accessing data only through defined methods, ensuring data integrity.

4. Data Hiding:

Protecting data members of a class from unauthorized access.
Using access specifiers (private, protected, public) to control visibility.

5. Inheritance:

Creating a new class (derived class) from an existing class (base class).
The derived class inherits properties and methods from the base class.
Allows code reuse and promotes hierarchy in the system.

6. Polymorphism:

The ability of an object to take on multiple forms or behaviors.
Achieved through function overloading (multiple functions with the same name but different parameters) and function overriding (redefining a virtual function in a derived class).

Advantages of OOPs

Modularity: Breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable units (objects).
Code Reusability: Inheritance allows code to be reused across multiple classes.
Maintainability: Easier to modify and update code without affecting other parts of the system.
Flexibility: Objects can interact with each other independently, promoting flexibility in program design.
Data Security: Encapsulation ensures data integrity and prevents accidental modification.

OOPs Concepts in C++

C++ is a powerful object-oriented programming language that supports all the key concepts of OOPs.

Example:

#include 

// Class definition
class Shape {
protected:
  int width;
  int height;

public:
  void setWidth(int w) {
    width = w;
  }
  void setHeight(int h) {
    height = h;
  }
};

// Derived class from Shape
class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
  int getArea() {
    return width * height;
  }
};

int main() {
  Rectangle rect;
  rect.setWidth(5);
  rect.setHeight(10);

  std::cout << "Area of the rectangle: " << rect.getArea() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

This example demonstrates:

Class definition for Shape and Rectangle.
Encapsulation through private data members and public methods.
Inheritance of Shape by Rectangle.
Polymorphism through the getArea() function.

Conclusion

OOPs is a powerful programming paradigm that offers numerous advantages for developing complex and maintainable software. C++ provides a rich set of features to implement OOPs concepts effectively. Understanding these concepts is crucial for writing efficient and scalable programs.

Basic Concepts Of Oops In C++ Ppt